When the temperature drops and the days get shorter, many people pack away their sunscreen along with their summer clothes. It’s easy to assume that chilly weather means you can take a break from your daily sun protection routine.

However, the truth is that your skin needs protection from harmful sun rays all year long, even during the coldest winter months. Keep reading to learn why winter sun protection matters and how it can help you maintain healthy, youthful-looking skin throughout every season.

The Winter Sun Protection Myth

One of the most common skincare mistakes people make is believing that sunscreen is only necessary during warm, sunny summer days.

This widespread myth has led many people to skip their SPF during the fall and winter months, thinking the cooler temperatures mean less sun damage. The reality is that this seasonal approach to sun protection can cause significant harm to your skin over time.

Many people associate sun damage with hot weather, beach days, and obvious sunburns, but UV radiation doesn’t take a vacation just because the calendar changes. This misconception often stems from the fact that winter sun feels less intense on your skin. Without that immediate warming sensation or the risk of a visible sunburn, it’s natural to assume the sun isn’t doing any damage.

Unfortunately, the type of skin damage that leads to premature aging and skin cancer can occur without any obvious immediate signs. Your skin may be silently accumulating damage during those crisp winter walks or while driving in bright winter sunlight.

What Happens To UV Radiation In Winter?

While it’s true that UV radiation levels are generally lower during winter months, they’re definitely not absent. The sun continues to emit both UVA and UVB rays throughout the year, regardless of the season or outdoor temperature.

UVB rays, which are primarily responsible for sunburns, do decrease somewhat during winter months due to the sun’s lower angle in the sky. However, UVA rays, which penetrate deeper into your skin and cause long-term damage like wrinkles and age spots, remain fairly consistent year-round.

The sun’s angle and the atmosphere’s filtering effect do reduce overall UV intensity during winter, but this reduction isn’t nearly enough to eliminate the need for protection. Even at reduced levels, UV radiation can still cause significant damage to unprotected skin over time.

Weather conditions can also affect how much UV radiation reaches your skin, but not always in the way you might expect. While heavy cloud cover can block some UV rays, many still penetrate through and reach your skin.

Snow Reflection And Increased Exposure Risks

Here’s something that might surprise you: if you’re traveling to snowy destinations for skiing or winter vacations, snow can actually increase your UV exposure dramatically. Fresh snow reflects UV radiation, essentially creating a double dose of sun exposure for anyone spending time outdoors.

This reflection effect means that winter activities like skiing, snowboarding, or sledding can expose you to significantly more UV radiation than you’d experience on a grass-covered surface in summer. The combination of direct sunlight from above and reflected light from below creates an intense exposure situation.

Dr. Renee Kang, a board-certified dermatologist and Mohs surgeon at Golden State Dermatology in Carmel, explains the winter sun exposure risk:

“Many of my patients are shocked to learn that some of the highest UV exposures occur during winter sports and activities when they travel to mountain destinations. The combination of high altitude, snow reflection, and prolonged outdoor exposure creates a perfect storm for sun damage. I’ve seen patients develop significant sunburns and long-term skin damage from ski trips they assumed were safe. This is why I always recommend that my patients maintain their sun protection habits year-round, with extra attention when planning winter sports vacations.”

Mountain environments pose an additional risk because UV radiation increases with elevation. Even in our local California climate, winter sun can still cause damage through car windows during your daily commute or while enjoying outdoor activities on clear winter days.

While we may not deal with snow reflection locally, the winter sun still requires the same protection as any other time of year.

Cumulative Skin Damage Occurs Year-Round

The most important thing to understand about sun damage is that it accumulates over time, regardless of when the exposure occurs. Every day of unprotected sun exposure adds to your skin’s total damage burden, contributing to premature aging and increasing your risk of skin cancer.

This cumulative effect means that skipping sunscreen for three or four months each winter can significantly impact your skin’s long-term health and appearance. The damage from winter sun exposure may not show up immediately, but it will contribute to wrinkles, age spots, and other signs of aging that appear years later.

Skin cancer risk also increases with cumulative UV exposure throughout your entire lifetime. The damage that leads to skin cancer can begin with seemingly minor exposures, including those brief winter moments when you think protection isn’t necessary.

Even small amounts of daily UV exposure can trigger the cellular changes that lead to skin aging and cancer development. This means that your short winter commute, weekend errands, or outdoor lunch breaks all contribute to your overall exposure risk.

Consistent daily sun protection can help prevent this cumulative damage from occurring. By maintaining your SPF routine throughout the winter, you’re investing in your skin’s future health and appearance.

Choosing The Right Winter Sunscreen

Not all sunscreens work equally well in cold weather conditions, so choosing the right product for winter use is important. Look for broad-spectrum sunscreens that protect against both UVA and UVB rays, with an SPF of at least 30 for daily use.

Winter weather can be harsh on your skin, so consider choosing a sunscreen that also provides moisturizing benefits. Many winter-friendly sunscreens contain hydrating ingredients that help combat the drying effects of cold air and indoor heating.

Marie Goh, PA-C, a board-certified physician assistant at Golden State Dermatology in San Ramon, offers practical advice for winter sun protection:

“I often recommend that my patients switch to a slightly richer, more moisturizing sunscreen formula during winter months. The cold air and indoor heating can really dry out your skin, so a product that provides both sun protection and hydration serves double duty. I also remind patients that areas like the backs of their hands, ears, and neck are often exposed even when bundled up, so these areas need just as much attention as their face. Many people forget that UV rays can penetrate through car windows during their daily commute, making morning sunscreen application essential even for indoor workers.“

Physical sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide can be excellent choices for winter because they provide immediate protection and tend to be less irritating to skin that might already be sensitive from cold weather exposure.

If you wear makeup, look for foundation or moisturizer products that include SPF protection. While these shouldn’t be your only line of defense, they can provide convenient additional protection for your face throughout the day.

If you have questions about your skin, schedule an appointment at Calkin & Boudreaux today!

Glowing skin is a sign of healthy, well-cared-for skin that radiates vitality from within. Whether you’re dealing with dullness, uneven texture, or simply want to enhance your natural radiance, achieving that coveted glow involves a combination of professional treatments and consistent at-home care.

Glowing skin is attainable for everyone, regardless of age or skin type, with the right strategies and support. Let’s explore both the professional treatments and daily habits that can help you achieve and maintain that healthy, radiant complexion you’ve been looking for.

What Does “Glowing Skin” Actually Mean?

When most people talk about glowing skin, they’re referring to skin that looks healthy, hydrated, and luminous. This type of complexion has a smooth, even texture that reflects light beautifully rather than appearing dull or rough.

Glowing skin typically has an even tone without significant discoloration, dark spots, or redness that creates an uneven appearance. Proper hydration plays a crucial role, as well-moisturized skin naturally appears more plump and radiant than dehydrated skin.

A strong, healthy skin barrier is essential for that glow, as it helps your skin retain moisture and protect itself from environmental stressors. When your skin barrier is functioning properly, your complexion looks clearer, smoother, and more vibrant overall.

Professional Treatments for Glowing Skin

While a solid skincare routine at home is important, professional treatments can take your skin’s radiance to the next level. These treatments work at a deeper level than home care products can reach, addressing texture, tone, and volume concerns that contribute to your overall glow.

Clear + Brilliant Laser Treatments

Clear + Brilliant is a gentle laser treatment that works beneath the surface to refresh your skin from within. This treatment creates microscopic treatment zones in your skin, which triggers your body’s natural healing process and encourages the replacement of damaged skin cells with fresh, healthy ones.

The result is smoother texture, more even tone, and an overall radiant appearance that develops gradually over the weeks following your treatment. Many patients describe their skin as looking more “polished” and youthful after a series of Clear + Brilliant sessions.

Jacqueline M. Calkin, MD, a board-certified dermatologist at Calkin | Boudreaux, a Golden State Dermatology Affiliate, explains the benefits of this treatment:

The treatment itself takes about 20-30 minutes, and while you may experience some temporary redness afterward, most people can return to their normal activities the same day. For optimal results, a series of treatments spaced several weeks apart is usually recommended.

FotoFacials (IPL)

FotoFacials, also known as Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) treatments, use targeted light energy to address pigmentation issues, sun damage, and redness. This treatment is particularly effective for creating a more even, uniform complexion that reflects light beautifully.

IPL works by targeting the pigment in brown spots and the blood vessels that cause redness, breaking them down so your body can naturally eliminate them over time. As these imperfections fade, your skin’s natural clarity and radiance become more visible.

Many patients notice their skin looking brighter and more even-toned within a few weeks of treatment. The light-reflecting quality of clear, even-toned skin contributes significantly to that glowing appearance everyone seeks.

Photofacials can address age spots, sun damage, freckles, redness from rosacea, and broken capillaries all in one treatment. Your provider at Calkin & Boudreaux can customize the treatment settings based on your specific concerns and skin type.

Dermal Fillers for Volume and Light Reflection

While dermal fillers are often associated with addressing wrinkles and volume loss, they can also play a surprising role in creating a glowing appearance.

Strategic filler placement can restore the natural contours and volume that help your skin reflect light in a more youthful, radiant way. By restoring gentle volume to areas like the cheeks, temples, and under-eyes, fillers can eliminate those shadows and create surfaces that catch and reflect light more beautifully.

The result is a face that looks naturally radiant and well-rested rather than tired or flat. When combined with treatments that improve skin quality and texture, fillers can contribute to an overall luminous appearance that goes beyond simply looking fuller.

Your dermatologist can assess your facial structure and recommend whether strategic filler placement might enhance your natural glow. The goal is always subtle enhancement that complements your other glow-boosting treatments.

Professional Facials

Regular professional facials offer deep cleansing, exfoliation, and targeted treatments that go beyond what you can achieve with your at-home routine.  Professional-grade exfoliation removes the buildup of dead skin cells that can make your complexion look dull and rough. This reveals the fresh, healthy skin underneath and allows your skincare products to penetrate more effectively.

Deep cleansing extractions remove debris from pores that can make them appear larger and contribute to breakouts. Clean, clear pores help your skin look smoother and more refined overall. These professional-strength products deliver concentrated ingredients that boost your skin’s radiance immediately and over time with regular treatments.

At-Home Strategies for Maintaining Your Glow

Professional treatments provide powerful results, but they need to be supported by consistent daily care at home. Your everyday habits and skincare routine create the foundation that allows professional treatments to work their best.

Quality Skincare Products

Investing in quality skincare products can make a significant difference in your skin’s appearance and health. While you don’t need to spend a fortune, choosing effective, well-formulated products ensures you’re giving your skin what it truly needs.

Emily Terzic, RN, an aesthetic nurse at Calkin | Boudreaux, emphasizes the importance of key ingredients:

Vitamin C serums work by brightening dark spots, evening out skin tone, and protecting your skin from damage caused by pollution and UV exposure. When used regularly, many people notice their skin looks more radiant and has a more even, luminous quality.

Hyaluronic acid is another powerhouse ingredient that draws moisture into your skin, creating that plump, dewy appearance associated with healthy, glowing skin. Niacinamide helps minimize pores, improve texture, and strengthen your skin barrier for long-term radiance.

Don’t forget daily sunscreen! Sun damage is one of the primary causes of dull, uneven skin tone. Protecting your skin every day prevents the damage that steals your glow and keeps your professional treatments working effectively.

Your Path to Radiant, Healthy Skin

Everyone’s skin is unique, which means your path to glowing skin should be personalized to your specific needs, concerns, and goals. Working with a dermatologist allows you to develop a comprehensive plan that addresses both immediate concerns and long-term skin health.

If you have questions about your skin, schedule an appointment at Calkin & Boudreaux today!

If you’ve been experiencing hair loss, it might be time to explore treatment options that can help restore your confidence and natural appearance. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) hair restoration has emerged as a popular non-surgical option that uses your body’s own healing mechanisms to promote hair growth.

Keep reading to learn about the PRP process, from your initial treatment session through recovery and results.

What Is PRP Hair Restoration?

PRP hair restoration is a medical treatment that uses concentrated platelets from your own blood to stimulate hair growth in thinning areas.

Platelets contain growth factors and proteins that naturally promote healing and tissue regeneration throughout your body. When concentrated and applied to hair follicles, these same growth factors can help revitalize dormant follicles and encourage new hair growth.

This treatment is considered a natural approach to hair restoration because it relies entirely on substances already present in your body. There are no synthetic chemicals or foreign materials involved, which makes PRP an appealing option for patients seeking a more holistic approach to addressing hair loss.

The popularity of PRP has grown significantly as more patients discover its potential benefits for both men and women experiencing various types of hair thinning. Your dermatologist at Calkin & Boudreaux can help determine whether PRP is appropriate for your specific type of hair loss.

How Does PRP Work for Hair Loss?

PRP works by delivering concentrated growth factors directly to hair follicles that have become weakened or dormant. The platelets are injected into the vascular layer of your scalp, which prompts underproducing or dormant hair follicles to begin producing thick hair once again.

The treatment targets the underlying factors that contribute to hair thinning, particularly in cases of androgenetic alopecia (pattern hair loss). By improving the cellular environment around hair follicles, PRP may help create conditions more conducive to healthy hair growth.

Dr. Paul Rose, a board-certified dermatologist and hair restoration expert at Golden State Dermatology, explains how PRP addresses hair loss at the cellular level:

“The growth factors in platelet-rich plasma work to rejuvenate the scalp environment by improving blood flow and delivering nutrients directly to hair follicles. This process can help strengthen existing hair and potentially stimulate dormant follicles to begin producing hair again. While results vary among patients, many people see improvements in hair density and thickness over time. The key is understanding that PRP works best as part of a comprehensive approach to hair health, often combined with other treatments for optimal results.”

Research suggests that PRP may be most effective for patients in the early to moderate stages of hair loss, where follicles are still present but producing thinner, weaker hair. The treatment may also help slow the progression of hair loss in addition to promoting new growth.

Different patients may respond differently to PRP based on factors like age, overall health, and the underlying cause of their hair loss. Your provider can discuss realistic expectations based on your individual situation during your consultation.

What Happens During a PRP Treatment Session?

Your PRP treatment begins with a simple blood draw, similar to what you might experience during routine lab work. Typically, about 30-60 milliliters of blood is collected, depending on the treatment area and your provider’s protocol.

The blood is then placed in a specialized centrifuge that separates the platelets from other blood components. This process takes approximately 10 minutes and results in a concentrated platelet solution that contains significantly higher levels of growth factors than normal blood.

While your blood is being processed, your provider will prepare your scalp for treatment. This may include cleaning the treatment area and applying a topical numbing agent to minimize discomfort during the injections.

Once the PRP is ready, your dermatologist will use fine needles to inject the concentrated platelets into specific areas of your scalp. The injection pattern is typically designed to target areas where hair thinning is most noticeable or where you want to prevent further hair loss.

The entire appointment usually takes between 45 minutes to one hour from start to finish. Most patients find the process straightforward and are surprised by how quickly it goes.

You can typically resume normal activities immediately after your treatment, though your provider may give you specific aftercare instructions to follow for the best results.

What Does PRP Hair Restoration Feel Like?

Most patients describe the blood draw portion of PRP treatment as similar to any routine blood test. The discomfort is minimal and brief, lasting only a few seconds while the needle is inserted.

The scalp injections may cause more noticeable sensations, though most patients find them tolerable. Many providers offer topical numbing agents to minimize discomfort during the injection process.

Jordan Jepson, PA-C, a board-certified physician assistant at Golden State Dermatology in Turlock, shares insights about patient comfort during PRP treatments:

“Patient comfort is always a priority during PRP sessions, and we take several steps to ensure the experience is as pleasant as possible. Most patients report that the scalp injections feel like small pinches or brief stinging sensations that subside quickly. We often use topical anesthetics to or offer nitrous oxide to minimize discomfort, and the fine needles we use are designed specifically for scalp treatments. Many patients are pleasantly surprised by how manageable the treatment feels. Some even describe feeling a slight warming sensation as the PRP is injected, which is completely normal and indicates that the growth factors are being delivered to the targeted areas.”

Some patients experience mild tenderness or sensitivity in the treated areas for a few hours after the procedure. This is normal and typically resolves on its own without any intervention.

The scalp may appear slightly red or feel tender immediately following treatment, similar to how your skin might feel after a vigorous massage. These effects are temporary and usually subside within a day or two.

If you have concerns about pain or discomfort, discuss these with your provider during your consultation. They can explain pain management options and help set realistic expectations for your comfort level during treatment.

When Will You See Results from PRP?

PRP hair restoration results develop gradually, as the treatment works by stimulating natural hair growth cycles rather than providing instant changes. Many providers recommend several treatments spaced one month apart, with maintenance treatments 2-4 times per year for optimal results.

Some patients see noticeable results after only 3 treatments, though most begin to notice initial improvements in hair texture and thickness around 6-8 weeks after their first treatment. Significant changes in hair density and coverage typically become apparent after 3-4 months of consistent treatment. The hair growth process takes time because new hair must grow through multiple phases, from initial sprouting to reaching visible length.

Many patients report that their existing hair feels stronger and appears shinier before they notice new growth. This improvement in hair quality is often one of the first signs that the treatment is working effectively.

Peak results from PRP therapy are usually seen around 6-9 months after beginning treatment, though individual timelines can vary. Some patients may continue to see gradual improvements for up to a year following their treatment series.

If you have questions about your skin, schedule an appointment at Calkin & Boudreaux today!

Have you ever noticed your skin suddenly breaking out, becoming oilier, or developing unexpected texture changes seemingly out of nowhere? These sudden shifts in your skin’s behavior often have a hormonal connection that many people don’t initially recognize.

Hormones act as powerful messengers throughout your body, and when they fluctuate, your skin is often one of the first places to show it. Keep reading to learn about the powerful relationship between your hormones and your skin’s appearance.

How Do Hormones Affect Your Skin?

Your hormones act as chemical messengers that travel through your bloodstream and communicate with various cells throughout your body, including those in your skin. These powerful substances regulate many of the functions that keep your skin healthy and balanced.

When it comes to skin health, hormones control three particularly important processes. First, they regulate how much sebum (oil) your skin produces, which directly affects whether your skin feels dry, balanced, or overly oily.

Second, hormones influence the rate at which your skin cells turn over and renew themselves. This affects your skin’s texture, tone, and overall appearance.

Finally, hormones play a significant role in inflammation levels throughout your body, including in your skin. When hormonal fluctuations occur, they can trigger inflammatory responses that show up as redness, sensitivity, or breakouts.

The Key Hormones Behind Your Skin’s Behavior

Several different hormones work together to influence your skin’s health and appearance.

Estrogen is often called the “beauty hormone” because it helps maintain skin thickness, moisture levels, and collagen production.

Progesterone tends to increase oil production, which is why many people notice their skin becoming greasier during certain times of the month.

Testosterone and other androgens are particularly influential when it comes to sebum production and can trigger acne when levels are elevated or fluctuating.

Cortisol, commonly known as the stress hormone, can wreak havoc on your skin when levels remain elevated for extended periods. It increases inflammation and can compromise your skin’s protective barrier.

Dr. Peterson Pierre, a board-certified dermatologist at Golden State Dermatology in Thousand Oaks, explains:

“Many patients are surprised to learn just how interconnected their hormonal health and skin appearance really are. We often see patients who have tried countless topical treatments without success, only to discover that addressing underlying hormonal imbalances was the missing piece of their skincare puzzle. Understanding which hormones are involved helps us create more targeted and effective treatment plans that address the root cause rather than just the surface symptoms.”

Thyroid hormones, though less commonly discussed in relation to skin, also play an important role. When thyroid function is off balance, skin can become unusually dry, puffy, or develop texture changes that don’t respond to typical moisturizing treatments.

What Are the Most Common Hormone-Related Skin Changes?

Hormonal fluctuations manifest in your skin in several recognizable ways.

Adult acne is one of the most common hormone-related skin concerns, appearing even in people who never struggled with breakouts during their teenage years.

Sudden changes in oil production are another telltale sign of hormonal shifts. You might notice your skin becoming significantly oilier or, conversely, unusually dry when hormones fluctuate.

Texture changes can develop when hormones affect your skin’s cell turnover rate. Your skin might feel rougher, look duller, or develop small bumps that weren’t there before.

Pigmentation issues, particularly melasma or dark patches on the face, often have hormonal triggers. These dark spots typically appear on the forehead, cheeks, or upper lip and can darken with sun exposure.

Some people experience increased skin sensitivity during hormonal shifts, finding that products they previously tolerated suddenly cause redness, stinging, or irritation. Redness and flushing can also intensify when hormones fluctuate, particularly during perimenopause and menopause.

The Pattern of Hormonal Breakouts

Hormonal acne has distinct characteristics that set it apart from other types of breakouts. The location is often the biggest clue as hormonal acne typically appears along the jawline, chin, and lower cheeks, forming what’s sometimes called the “hormonal beard” pattern.

The timing of these breakouts is another important indicator. If you notice that your skin breaks out around the same time each month, usually in the week before your period, this suggests a hormonal connection.

Lam Le, PA-C, a board-certified physician assistant at Golden State Dermatology in Brentwood, notes:

“Hormonal acne often presents as deeper, more inflamed lesions rather than surface-level whiteheads or blackheads. These cystic breakouts tend to be more painful and take longer to heal than other types of acne. They’re also notoriously resistant to over-the-counter treatments, which is why we often recommend medical intervention. The good news is that once we identify the hormonal component, we have several effective treatment options that can make a dramatic difference in both the frequency and severity of breakouts.”

The appearance of hormonal breakouts also differs from other acne types. They often manifest as deeper, under-the-skin bumps or cysts rather than surface pimples, and they tend to be more inflamed, red, and painful than typical breakouts.

The Stress-Skin Connection You Need to Know

Stress hormones, particularly cortisol, create a cascade of effects that directly impact your skin’s health and appearance. When you’re stressed, your body releases cortisol as part of its fight-or-flight response.

While this response is helpful in true emergencies, chronic stress keeps cortisol levels elevated for extended periods. This ongoing elevation triggers inflammation throughout your body, including in your skin.

High cortisol levels also signal your oil glands to produce more sebum, creating the perfect environment for acne-causing bacteria to thrive. Additionally, stress hormones can weaken your skin’s protective barrier, making it more vulnerable to irritation, dehydration, and environmental damage.

Many people notice that their skin issues worsen during particularly stressful periods at work, during major life changes, or when dealing with personal challenges. This isn’t coincidental – the stress-skin connection is very real and well-documented.

What Treatments Help With Hormone-Related Skin Issues?

Treatment for hormone-related skin problems often requires a multi-faceted approach.

Topical treatments remain important and can include prescription-strength retinoids, which help regulate cell turnover and prevent clogged pores.

Medical-grade skincare products containing ingredients like salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, or azelaic acid can help manage oil production and reduce inflammation. However, these treatments work best when combined with approaches that address the hormonal component.

For many people, hormonal treatments provide the most significant improvement. Birth control pills can help regulate hormone fluctuations that trigger breakouts, while spironolactone, a medication that blocks androgen receptors, often proves effective for hormonal acne.

Lifestyle modifications also play an important role in managing hormone-related skin changes. Managing stress through exercise, meditation, or other relaxation techniques can help keep cortisol levels in check.

Professional treatments offered by your dermatologist can provide additional support. Chemical peels, laser treatments, or specialized facials can complement medical treatments and help improve skin texture and tone.

Taking Control of Your Skin Health

Rather than feeling frustrated by seemingly random skin problems, you can work with your dermatologist to identify hormonal triggers and develop targeted solutions. With the right combination of treatments and lifestyle modifications, most hormone-related skin concerns can be effectively managed.

If you have questions about your skin, schedule an appointment at Calkin & Boudreaux today!

When most people think about skin health, their minds immediately turn to wrinkles, age spots, or achieving that perfect glow for social media photos. However, your skin serves as far more than just the canvas for your appearance, it functions as your body’s largest and most essential organ, performing critical life-sustaining functions that extend well beyond aesthetics.

Keep reading to learn more about the complex role your skin plays in protecting your overall health, and how this can fundamentally change how you approach skincare and motivate you to prioritize proper dermatological care throughout your lifetime.

Why Your Skin is The Ultimate Multitasker

Your skin weighs approximately eight pounds and covers roughly 22 square feet of surface area, making it significantly larger than any internal organ in your body. This remarkable organ consists of three distinct layers:

• The epidermis
• The dermis
• The subcutaneous tissue

Each of these performs specialized functions that work together to maintain your health and survival. Your skin operates as a sophisticated biological system that deserves the same attention and care you would give to your heart, lungs, or brain.

Here are some of the primary ways your skin contributes to your overall body and health:

Your Body’s First Line of Defense

Perhaps the most crucial function of your skin involves creating a protective barrier between your internal organs and the potentially dangerous external environment. This barrier prevents harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other pathogens from entering your body, while simultaneously preventing the loss of essential fluids and nutrients that keep your internal systems functioning properly.

The outer layer of your skin consists of dead skin cells that form a tough, waterproof barrier. This layer continuously regenerates itself, with new cells forming in the deeper layers and gradually moving upward to replace older cells that are naturally shed from the surface.

Your skin also produces antimicrobial peptides and maintains an acidic pH level that creates an inhospitable environment for many disease-causing microorganisms. When this protective barrier becomes compromised through cuts, burns, or chronic skin conditions, your risk of developing serious infections increases dramatically.

Temperature Regulation

Your skin plays a vital role in maintaining your core body temperature. Through a sophisticated network of blood vessels, sweat glands, and hair follicles, your skin can quickly adjust to help your body cope with environmental temperature changes.

When your body temperature rises above normal levels, your skin responds by dilating blood vessels near the surface, allowing excess heat to escape into the surrounding environment. Simultaneously, your sweat glands activate to produce moisture that evaporates from your skin surface, creating a cooling effect that helps lower your internal temperature. During cold conditions, your skin constricts blood vessels to reduce heat loss and may trigger shivering or goosebumps as additional warming mechanisms.

Vitamin D Production

Emily Watson, PA-C, explains the importance of balanced sun exposure for skin health:

“Many patients are surprised to learn that their skin actually produces vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. While we always emphasize sun protection to prevent skin cancer and premature aging, moderate sun exposure can support healthy vitamin D levels, which are essential for bone health, immune function, and overall wellness. The key is finding the right balance between protection and allowing your skin to perform this vital biological function.”

Your skin contains specialized cells that convert cholesterol into vitamin D when exposed to UVB radiation from sunlight. This process transforms your skin into a sophisticated manufacturing facility for this essential nutrient, which supports bone health, immune system function, and numerous other physiological processes throughout your body.

Immune System Support

Beyond serving as a physical barrier, your skin actively participates in your body’s immune system through specialized cells and chemical messengers that help identify and respond to potential threats. Certain cells in the epidermis help detect foreign substances and alert other parts of your immune system when potentially harmful invaders are present.

Sensory Function

Adam Ford, MD, emphasizes the importance of maintaining skin sensitivity:

“The sensory capabilities of your skin are truly remarkable, containing millions of nerve endings that provide essential information about your environment. These nerve endings can detect the gentlest touch, dangerous temperature extremes, painful stimuli, and subtle changes in pressure that help protect you from harm. When skin health declines due to diabetes, aging, or other conditions, this sensory function can become impaired, potentially leading to serious complications such as undetected injuries or burns.”

Your skin serves as your primary interface for experiencing the physical world around you, containing millions of specialized nerve endings that detect touch, pressure, temperature, vibration, and pain. This sensory information travels through your nervous system to your brain, where it is processed and interpreted to help you make decisions about your safety and comfort.

The density of sensory nerve endings varies across different areas of your body, with your fingertips, lips, and face containing the highest concentrations of touch receptors. This explains why these areas are particularly sensitive and why injuries to these regions can be especially painful or concerning.

How Can I Maintain Optimal Skin Health?

Given the numerous essential functions your skin performs, maintaining its health becomes a critical component of your overall wellness strategy. Proper skincare involves much more than applying moisturizer or anti-aging products. It requires a comprehensive approach that supports your skin’s ability to perform its vital biological functions effectively.

Regular professional skin examinations allow dermatologists to identify potential problems before they develop into serious health concerns and provide personalized recommendations for maintaining optimal skin function throughout your lifetime. These evaluations can detect early signs of skin cancer, identify chronic conditions that may compromise your skin barrier, and ensure that your skin continues to protect and support your overall health as you age.

If you have questions about your skin, schedule an appointment at Calkin & Boudreaux today!

Chemical peels have emerged as one of the most effective treatments for addressing various types of hyperpigmentation, offering a scientifically backed approach to achieving clearer, more even-toned skin.

How many chemical peels each person needs depends on several factors, including the type and severity of your hyperpigmentation, your skin type, and the specific peel protocol recommended by your dermatologist. Keep reading to learn about the treatment process and what you can realistically expect from chemical peel therapy for hyperpigmentation.

Continue reading “How Many Chemical Peels Are Needed to Get Rid of Hyperpigmentation?” →

Most of us know that too much sun exposure can lead to melanoma. That’s why we wear sunscreen, seek shade, and try to protect our skin when we’re outside.

But here’s something that surprises many people: melanoma can show up in places that have never seen a ray of sunlight. Let’s explore why this happens and what it means for your skin health.

What Is Melanoma?

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. This cancer starts in melanocytes, which are the cells in your skin that create melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives your skin its color and causes you to tan.

Because melanoma cells usually keep making melanin, these cancers often look tan, brown, or black. However, some melanomas can appear red or white instead.

When caught early, melanoma is highly treatable. Early-stage melanomas can often be cured completely with a simple surgical removal.

The challenge comes when melanoma isn’t found quickly. If it spreads deeper into the skin or to other parts of the body, it becomes much harder to treat and can be life-threatening.

This is why annual skin checks are so important. It allows your dermatologist to identify and test any abnormal spots on your skin, so they can be treated early if necessary.

How Does Sun Exposure Cause Melanoma?

Too much sun exposure, especially sunburns, is the biggest preventable cause of melanoma. When UV rays hit your skin, they can damage the DNA in your cells, which may eventually lead to cancer.

People with lighter skin are at higher risk because they have less natural melanin to protect them. Years of sun exposure, combined with occasional bad sunburns, create the perfect conditions for melanoma to develop.

Dr. Michelle Cheng, a board-certified dermatologist at Golden State Dermatology in Torrance, helps explain this:

“Many of the melanomas we see are related to UV damage, especially on areas that get a lot of sun like the face, arms, and legs. But patients are often confused when I tell them that sun exposure isn’t the only cause of melanoma. What surprises people most is that this cancer can develop in places that never see daylight. That’s because melanoma is more complicated than just sun damage. Genetics, family history, and other factors all play a role. This is exactly why we do complete skin checks that cover your whole body, not just the parts that have been sunburned.”

So if sun damage causes many melanomas, why do some appear in areas that never get sun exposure? The answer has to do with where your pigment-making cells are located.

Why Can Melanoma Appear in Sun-Protected Areas?

Here’s the key thing to understand: melanocytes (those pigment-making cells) are found all over your body, not just on skin that gets sun exposure. They’re everywhere, from your scalp down to the bottoms of your feet.

Since melanoma starts in melanocytes, the cancer can potentially develop anywhere these cells exist. UV damage from the sun is certainly a major trigger, but it’s not the only thing that can cause melanocytes to become cancerous.

Your genes play a big role, too. If someone in your family has had melanoma, your risk goes up, no matter how careful you are about sun protection.

Some people have unusual-looking moles called dysplastic nevi that tend to run in families. These moles can appear anywhere on your body and increase your melanoma risk in both sunny and shaded areas.

Where Do Hidden Melanomas Commonly Appear?

Melanoma can show up in some surprising places. The palms of your hands and the soles of your feet are two common spots where melanoma develops, even though these areas rarely see the sun.

Under your fingernails and toenails is another place to watch. These melanomas often look like dark streaks or discoloration, and people frequently miss them because they don’t think to check there.

Your mouth can develop melanoma too. These can appear on your gums, tongue, roof of your mouth, or other oral surfaces that obviously never get sun exposure.

These locations prove that melanoma isn’t just about sun damage.

Brian Leng, PA-C, a certified physician assistant at Golden State Dermatology in Montclair, emphasizes why complete skin checks matter:

“When I do a skin exam, I always check areas that most people skip when they look at themselves, between the toes, the bottoms of the feet, under the nails, the scalp, and other hard-to-see spots. I’ve found some really serious melanomas in places patients never thought to look. Melanoma doesn’t care whether a spot gets sun or not. That’s why professional skin exams are so important. We check everywhere, not just the obvious places.”

These hard-to-see locations make it clear why you need a dermatologist to do thorough skin checks. Even if you’re diligent about self-exams, you’ll likely miss these spots.

What Happens if Melanoma Is Found?

Treatment depends on how deep the melanoma has grown. Melanoma in-situ (the earliest form that stays in the top layer of skin) has a very low chance of spreading and can almost always be cured with surgical removal.

For early melanomas that have started to grow deeper, you’ll need surgery to remove the entire tumor. This is usually done in the office with local anesthesia, and the doctor will stitch up the wound afterward.

If your melanoma is deeper, your doctor might recommend a sentinel lymph node biopsy. This test uses a special dye to find and remove the first lymph node that drains from the melanoma site to check if the cancer has spread.

For higher-risk melanomas, you might need imaging tests like CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans to look for any signs the cancer has spread. Blood tests may also be part of the evaluation.

Patients with more advanced melanomas usually meet with a cancer specialist (medical oncologist) to talk about other treatment options. These might include immunotherapy drugs like interferon or newer medications such as vemurafenib or ipilimumab.

The depth of the melanoma is the biggest factor in predicting outcomes. Deeper melanomas have a higher chance of spreading, which is why catching melanoma early makes such a huge difference.

If you have questions about your skin, schedule an appointment at Calkin & Boudreaux today!

Healthy, radiant skin doesn’t happen overnight. The best skin is the result of consistent daily habits and thoughtful care.

While genetics play a role in your skin’s appearance, the choices you make every day can significantly impact its health, texture, and overall glow. Whether you’re dealing with specific skin concerns or simply want to maintain your skin’s natural beauty, these six essential habits will help you achieve and maintain optimal skin health for years to come.

1. Start Every Day with Gentle Cleansing

The foundation of any effective skincare routine begins with proper cleansing. Washing your face twice daily (once in the morning and once before bed) removes dirt, oil, makeup, and environmental pollutants that can clog pores and lead to breakouts.

Choose a gentle cleanser that suits your skin type, whether it’s oily, dry, sensitive, or combination. If you’re unsure which cleanser might be best for you, ask your dermatologist. You should always avoid harsh scrubs or cleansers with strong fragrances, as these can strip your skin of its natural oils and cause irritation.

Morning cleansing prepares your skin for the day ahead by removing any products applied the night before and excess oil produced while you sleep. Evening cleansing is equally important, as it removes the day’s accumulation of dirt, makeup, and environmental pollutants that can interfere with your skin’s natural repair processes.

2. Never Skip Sun Protection

Daily sunscreen application is one of the most important habits for maintaining healthy skin and preventing premature aging. UV rays from the sun cause significant damage to your skin’s structure, leading to wrinkles, age spots, and an increased risk of skin cancer.

Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every morning, even on cloudy days or when you plan to stay indoors. Many people forget that UV rays can penetrate windows and reflect off surfaces, making daily protection essential regardless of your activities.

Reapply sunscreen every two hours when you’re outdoors, and don’t forget often-missed areas like your ears, neck, and the backs of your hands. For added protection, consider wearing protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses when spending extended time in the sun.

3. Establish a Consistent Moisturizing Routine

Proper hydration is essential for maintaining your skin’s barrier function and overall health. A good moisturizer helps lock in hydration, prevents water loss, and creates a protective barrier against environmental irritants.

Choose a moisturizer formulated for your specific skin type. Lightweight, oil-free formulas are better for oily skin, and richer, more emollient products are better for dry skin.

John Peterson, MD, a dermatologist at Golden State Dermatology in Manteca, emphasizes the importance of consistent moisturizing:

“Many people underestimate the power of a good moisturizer, but it’s truly one of the most important steps in any skincare routine. Proper hydration not only keeps skin looking plump and healthy but also supports the skin’s natural repair processes. I always tell my patients that finding the right moisturizer for their skin type and using it consistently can make a dramatic difference in their skin’s appearance and comfort level.”

4. Incorporate Gentle Exfoliation

Regular exfoliation helps remove dead skin cells that can make your complexion look dull and clog your pores. However, the key is to exfoliate gently and not overdo it. Excessive exfoliation can damage your skin’s protective barrier and cause irritation.

For most people, exfoliating two to three times per week is enough. Start slowly when introducing exfoliation into your routine, and pay attention to how your skin responds.

If you experience redness, irritation, or increased sensitivity, reduce the frequency or switch to a gentler product.

5. Get Quality Sleep for Skin Repair

Your skin does most of its repair work while you sleep, making quality rest essential for healthy skin. During sleep, your body increases blood flow to the skin and produces new collagen, which helps repair damage from UV exposure and other environmental stressors.

Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night to give your skin adequate time to regenerate. Poor sleep can lead to increased stress hormones, which can trigger inflammation and exacerbate skin conditions like acne and eczema.

Consider using a silk or satin pillowcase to reduce friction against your skin and hair while you sleep. Also, try to sleep on your back when possible to prevent wrinkles that can form from pressing your face against the pillow.

Saloni Patel, MPAS, PA-C at Golden State Dermatology, highlights the connection between sleep and skin health:

“I often see patients who are frustrated with their skin concerns but aren’t getting enough quality sleep. Sleep is when your skin does its most important repair work, producing new collagen and regenerating cells. When patients improve their sleep habits, they often notice significant improvements in their skin’s texture, tone, and overall appearance. It’s one of the most underrated aspects of skincare, but it’s absolutely crucial for maintaining healthy skin.”

6. Stay Hydrated from Within

While topical moisturizers are important, maintaining proper hydration from within is equally crucial for healthy skin. Drinking adequate water helps maintain your skin’s elasticity and supports its natural detoxification processes. Aim to drink at least eight glasses of water throughout the day, and increase your intake during hot weather or when exercising.

When to Seek Professional Help

While good skincare habits can address many common concerns, some skin issues require professional evaluation and treatment. If you’re dealing with persistent acne, unusual moles or growths, severe skin sensitivity, or other concerning symptoms, it’s important to consult with a qualified provider.

A dermatologist can assess your individual skin needs, recommend appropriate treatments, and help you develop a personalized skincare routine that addresses your specific concerns. They can also identify potential skin health issues early and provide effective treatment options.

Professional treatments, like chemical peels, laser therapy, or prescription medications, may be necessary to address certain skin concerns that don’t respond to over-the-counter products and basic skincare habits.

If you have questions about your skin, schedule an appointment at Calkin & Boudreaux today!

Winter weather can wreak havoc on your skin, leaving it dry, dull, and in desperate need of rejuvenation. While many people focus on skincare during the warmer months, winter is actually the perfect time to invest in professional treatments like HydraFacial and DiamondGlow that can restore your skin’s health and radiance.

Whether you’re dealing with seasonal dryness, preparing for holiday events, or simply want to maintain healthy skin year-round, professional facial treatments can be the game-changer your winter skincare routine needs. Here are six reasons to consider a HydraFacial or DiamondGlow facial this winter!

1. Combat Winter Dryness with Deep Hydration

Winter’s cold air and indoor heating systems create the perfect storm for skin dehydration, stripping away your skin’s natural moisture barrier. Many basic moisturizers often can’t penetrate deeply enough to provide the intensive hydration your skin needs during these harsh months.

Both HydraFacial and DiamondGlow treatments go beyond surface-level moisturizing to deliver hydration directly into the deeper layers of your skin.

HydraFacial’s patented Vortex-Fusion technology infuses the skin with intense moisturizers during the extraction and hydration step, ensuring long-lasting hydration that can withstand winter’s drying effects. DiamondGlow’s pro-infusion serums are delivered deep into freshly exfoliated skin, where they can be most effective at restoring moisture levels and maintaining skin health throughout the season.

2. Why Dead Skin Buildup Gets Worse in Winter

The combination of dry air, reduced humidity, and frequent temperature changes causes skin cell turnover to slow down significantly during winter months. This sluggish renewal process leads to a buildup of dead skin cells on the surface, creating that dull, lackluster appearance many people experience during colder weather.

Professional exfoliation treatments become essential during winter because they remove this accumulated layer of dead cells that regular cleansing can’t address. DiamondGlow’s precision diamond tip gently abrades the skin to remove dead cells, while HydraFacial’s exfoliation and resurfacing step uncovers fresh, healthy skin underneath.

3. Prepare Your Skin for Holiday Events

The winter season brings numerous social gatherings, holiday parties, and special occasions where you want your skin to look its absolute best. Professional facial treatments can provide the instant gratification and glowing complexion you need for these important events.

Both HydraFacial and DiamondGlow deliver immediate results that make them perfect for pre-event skincare preparation.

A HydraFacial treatment takes just 30 minutes and provides an instant, gratifying glow that photographs beautifully under holiday lighting. DiamondGlow sessions can be completed during a lunch hour and offer skin-smoothing and brightening effects that are visible immediately after treatment, making them ideal for last-minute event preparation.

Katherine Aronis, LE, at Golden State Dermatology, explains the benefits of winter facial treatments:

“Many of my clients are amazed at how much their skin improves with regular HydraFacial or DiamondGlow treatments during winter months. The combination of professional exfoliation and deep hydration addresses the specific challenges that cold weather brings to the skin. I often recommend scheduling treatments before major holiday events because the immediate glow and smoothness these treatments provide make such a dramatic difference in how confident my clients feel. The best part is that there’s no downtime, so you can have a treatment in the morning and attend an event that same evening with radiant, photo-ready skin.”

4. Address Winter-Specific Skin Concerns

Cold weather exacerbates many common skin issues, from increased sensitivity and redness to clogged pores from heavier moisturizers and indoor air pollutants. Professional treatments can target these winter-specific concerns with customized approaches that adapt to your skin’s changing needs.

Whether you need hydrating serums for dry patches, clarifying treatments for congested pores, or vitamin C infusions for dull, tired-looking skin, the treatment can be personalized to address your unique concerns.

5. Boost Collagen Production During Skin’s Repair Season

Winter is actually an ideal time for collagen-stimulating treatments because your skin naturally goes into repair mode during cooler months. The reduced sun exposure during winter creates the perfect environment for skin healing and regeneration, making it a great time for treatments that promote collagen production.

DiamondGlow’s gentle exfoliation and infusion process stimulates natural collagen production by creating micro-channels in the skin that trigger the healing response.

HydraFacial treatments with growth factor boosters can enhance your skin’s natural repair processes during winter months when cellular regeneration is already heightened.

6. Maintain Your Summer Glow Year-Round

Many people resign themselves to dull, lackluster skin during winter months, but professional treatments can help you maintain that healthy summer glow all year long.

Regular HydraFacial and DiamondGlow sessions keep your skin looking radiant and healthy regardless of the weather outside. The combination of exfoliation, extraction, and hydration that these treatments provide works to counteract winter’s dulling effects on your complexion.

Both treatments offer cumulative benefits that build over time, meaning regular winter sessions can help you enter spring with healthier, more resilient skin. The consistent exfoliation and nourishment provided by these professional treatments keep your skin functioning optimally throughout the challenging winter months.

Nicole Hendryk, LE, at Golden State Dermatology in Livermore, shares her perspective on winter skincare:

“I always tell my clients that winter is not the time to neglect professional skincare treatments – it’s actually when your skin needs them most. The harsh environmental conditions during colder months require more intensive care than your at-home routine can provide. Regular HydraFacial or DiamondGlow treatments during winter create a protective barrier against seasonal skin damage and maintain the healthy glow that many people think they have to sacrifice until warmer weather returns. The key is consistency – monthly treatments throughout winter can make a remarkable difference in how your skin looks and feels when spring arrives.”

Choosing the Right Treatment for Your Skin

While both HydraFacial and DiamondGlow offer excellent benefits for winter skin concerns, your dermatologist can help determine which treatment best suits your specific needs. HydraFacial may be ideal if you’re looking for comprehensive skin health improvement with customizable boost serums, while DiamondGlow might be perfect if you want intensive exfoliation combined with targeted serum infusion. Many patients benefit from alternating between treatments or combining them with other skincare services for optimal winter skin health.

The experienced providers at Calkin & Boudreaux can assess your skin’s current condition and winter-related concerns to recommend the most effective treatment plan. They’ll consider factors like your skin type, specific concerns, lifestyle, and goals to create a personalized approach that keeps your skin healthy and glowing throughout the winter season.

If you have questions about your skin, schedule an appointment at Calkin & Boudreaux today!